Science & Tech

Who’s the Author? Scientists Assess Role of AI in Text Creation

CC0 / / Cyber brain
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Researchers at Samara University in Russia have proposed a model for determining authorship that clearly defines the contribution of artificial intelligence (AI) to the writing process.
Their findings were published in the journal Semiotic Studies.
With the increasing use of AI in research work, the question arises: can AI be considered a co-author of academic publications? According to researchers from the Samara National Research University, there are already examples internationally where AI is listed as an author, and sometimes as the sole author.
The university team studied the process of article creation by AI and looked for such practices in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. They found four articles in which ChatGPT was named as the author, in two of which it was the sole author. In Scopus they found two publications in which the AI was a co-author, but in one case its name was later removed at the editor's request.
Researchers say that in the era of generative AI, it is necessary to rethink the traditional concept of authorship. Now humans do not just play the role of creator, but also curator, editor and interpreter.

“We found that such works are hybrid in nature. This opens up new models of ‘distributed’ and ‘complex’ authorship, where AI participates in the creative process, but the ultimate responsibility rests with the researcher,” said Natalia Maslenkova, Associate Professor at the Department of Sociology and Cultural Studies at Samara University.

The researchers also highlighted the ethical challenges associated with the use of AI in academic writing. They warned that if someone presents entirely AI-generated content as their own without acting as an editor or responsible author, this could constitute a new form of academic misconduct.

Maslenkova added, "Our findings can form the basis for ethical and legal standards that promote transparency in the use of AI and help prevent abuse. This is especially important in the fields of education, science and the media, where the question of accountability for AI-generated content is of utmost importance."

According to experts, the specialty of their study is its multidisciplinary approach, which includes philosophical and socio-cultural aspects along with legal analysis. The researchers link existing AI practices with the principles of distributed and networked authorship and show how the roles of humans and machines in text creation are changing.
"The AI is a 'stochastic parrot', meaning the AI does not understand language, it only imitates human speech based on statistical patterns. Its 'subjectivity', at the moment, is a social construct that reflects the collective input of developers and users," Maslenkova said.
The next challenge for researchers is to develop guidelines for the transparent and responsible use of generative models in education and academic publishing, as well as to study how different social groups’ notions of authorship evolve as AI proliferates.
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